\u4e0a\u6708\u67d0\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u60ca\u89c9\u201c\u8fdb\u884c\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5df2\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u88ab\u6ee5\u7528\u3002\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u4fbf\u5f02\u5e38\u523a\u773c\uff0c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u582a\u6bd4\u201c\u4eb2\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea4\u6362\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u77ac\u95f4\u8d25\u5c3d\u9605\u8bfb\u5174\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u7acb\u523b\u81ea\u67e5\u4e86\u300a\u5730\u7262\u997f\u5f92\u300b\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6587\u6863\uff08\u7ea63.5\u4e07\u5b57\uff09\uff0c\u7adf\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8675\u4e2a\u201c\u8fdb\u884c\u201d\uff01\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u756a\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e862\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u3002\u672c\u60f3\u5c31\u6b64\u9ad8\u8c08\u9614\u8bba\uff0c\u5374\u53d1\u89c9\u4f59\u5149\u4e2d1\u65e9\u57281987\u5e74\u5c31\u5df2\u9053\u5c3d\u5176\u4e2d\u8d58\u75c5\u3002\u73b0\u6458\u5f55\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ec5\u770b\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bc4\u5176\u4ed6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f59\u5149\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u600e\u6837\u6539\u8fdb\u82f1\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6587\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u8bba\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u5e38\u6001\u4e0e\u53d8\u6001\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u660e\u62a5\u6708\u520a\u300b1987\u5e7410\u6708\u53f7<\/p>\u6bd4\u8d77\u4e2d\u6587\u6765\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u4e0d\u4f46\u5bcc\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e5f\u559c\u6b22\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u300c\u4ed6\u7684\u6536\u5165\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u300d\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u592a\u897f\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\u300c\u51cf\u5c11\u300d\u505a\u4e3b\u8bcd\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u4ee5\u5177\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u505a\u4e3b\u8bcd\uff1a\u300c\u4ed6\u56e0\u4e3a\u6536\u5165\u51cf\u5c11\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u300c\u4ed6\u6536\u5165\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4e43\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u300d\u3002
\u4e2d\u6587\u5e38\u7528\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5 (\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u53e5) \u505a\u4e3b\u8bcd\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u5219\u5e38\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd (\u6216\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4)\u3002\u300c\u6a2a\u8d2f\u516c\u8def\u518d\u5ea6\u574d\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u5934\u6761\u65b0\u95fb\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u300c\u6a2a\u8d2f\u516c\u8def\u7684\u518d\u5ea6\u574d\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u5934\u6761\u65b0\u95fb\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u82f1\u6587\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u6d41\u9732\u4e86\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u300c\u9009\u8d2d\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u59d4\u6258\u4f60\u4e86\u300d\u662f\u4e2d\u6587\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002\u300c\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u9009\u8d2d\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u59d4\u6258\u4f60\u4e86\u300d\u5374\u662f\u7565\u5e26\u897f\u5316\u3002\u300c\u63a8\u884c\u56fd\u8bed\uff0c\u8981\u9760\u5927\u5bb6\u52aa\u529b\u300d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u300c\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u56fd\u8bed\uff0c\u8981\u9760\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u300d\u5374\u5acc\u5197\u8d58\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u4e5f\u53ef\u89c1\u4e8e\u53d7\u8bcd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u4ed6\u4eec\u676f\u845b\u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u4fd7\u7684\u7ee7\u7eed\u300d\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u300c\u676f\u845b\u7ee7\u7eed\u300d\u603b\u5acc\u751f\u786c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6539\u6210\u300c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u4fdd\u5b58\u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u4fd7\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u81ea\u7136\u591a\u4e86\u3002
\u82f1\u6587\u597d\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u8f6f\u5316\u4e86\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u67b6\u7a7a\u4e86\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u516c\u6587\u7684\u7528\u8bed\uff0c\u5927\u4e3e\u4fb5\u5165\u4e86\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u903c\u5f97\u8bb8\u591a\u660e\u786e\u800c\u6709\u529b\u52a8\u8bcd\u6e10\u6e10\u53d8\u8d28\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u9762\u65e0\u8868\u60c5\u7684\u8bcd\u7ec4\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a
apply pressure: press
give authorization: permit
send a communication: write
take appropriate action: act
\u5728\u524d\u4f8b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u5355\u97f3\u8282\u52a8\u8bcd\u90fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u542b\u6709\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u7247\u8bcd\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u663e\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u5802\u7687\u800c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 press \u53d8\u6210\u4e86 apply pressure\uff0c\u52a8\u4f5c\u4fbf\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e00\u534a\u9a6f\u5316\u4e3a\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd pressure\uff0c\u4e00\u534a\u6de1\u5316\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u7b3c\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd apply\u3002\u5df4\u4ec1 (Jacques Barzun)\u4e0e\u5c48\u6797 (Lionel Trilling) \u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u5f31\u52a8\u8bcd\u300d(weak verb)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u62a5\u544a\u4e0d\u514d\u5355\u8c03\u800c\u51b7\u6de1\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4f59\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u559c\u6b22\u628a\u601d\u8def\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u4e00\u4e32\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7528\u4ecb\u8bcd\u548c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u5f31\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u300d
\u5df4\u4ec1\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5f31\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u5965\u97e6\u5c14\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u300c\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u4e49\u80a2\u300d(verbal false limb) \u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u4e5f\u5df2\u5448\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u75c5\u6001\uff0c\u559c\u6b22\u628a\u7b80\u5355\u660e\u4e86\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u300c\u4e07\u80fd\u52a8\u8bcd+\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\u300d\u7684\u7247\u8bcd\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4e07\u80fd\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u662f\u300c\u4f5c\u51fa\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8fdb\u884c\u300d\uff0c\u6076\u52bf\u529b\u4e4b\u5927\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u8981\u5403\u6389\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u6b63\u89c4\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u8bf7\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a
(\u4e00) \u672c\u6821\u7684\u6821\u53cb\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002
(\u4e8c) \u6628\u665a\u7684\u542c\u4f17\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u6559\u6388\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u5341\u5206\u70ed\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002
(\u4e09) \u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002
(\u56db) \u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u8001\u9f20\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002
\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u65e5\u6e10\u897f\u5316\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6587\u539f\u6709\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u90fd\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u7e41\u7410\u8bcd\u7ec4\u4e86\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u56db\u53e5\u8bdd\u672c\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u8bf4\u6210
(\u4e00) \u672c\u6821\u7684\u6821\u53cb\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u8d21\u732e\u5f88\u5927\u3002
(\u4e8c) \u6628\u665a\u7684\u542c\u4f17\u5bf9\u8bbf\u95ee\u6559\u6388\u53cd\u5e94\u5341\u5206\u70ed\u70c8\u3002
(\u4e09) \u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u8be6\u52a0\u7814\u7a76\u3002
(\u56db) \u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7528\u8001\u9f20\u6765\u505a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002(\u6216\uff1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7528\u8001\u9f20\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002)
\u5df4\u4ec1\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u611f\u6982\u73b0\u4ee3\u82f1\u6587\u559c\u6b22\u5316\u7b80\u4e3a\u7e41\u3001\u5316\u52a8\u4e3a\u9759\u3001\u5316\u5177\u4f53\u4e3a\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u5316\u76f4\u63a5\u4e3a\u8fc2\u56de\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u300c\u540d\u8bcd\u6210\u707e\u300d(noun-plague) \u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u5b66\u95ee\u5206\u5de5\u65e5\u7ec6\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u884c\u8bdd\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u300c\u5939\u6760\u300d\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u672c\u884c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5916\u884c\u501f\u7528\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u300c\u65b0\u95fb\u4f53\u300d(journalese) \u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u56fa\u7136\u4f7f\u73b0\u4ee3\u82f1\u6587\u663e\u5f97\u591a\u5f69\u591a\u59ff\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5374\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u4f7f\u65e5\u5e38\u7528\u8bed\u6591\u9a73\u4e0d\u582a\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u8bd7\u4eba\u683c\u96f7\u592b\u65af (Robert Graves, 1895-1986) \u5728\u77ed\u8bd7(\u8015\u7530) (Tilth) \u91cc\u6279\u8bc4\u8fd9\u73b0\u8c61\u8bf4\uff1a
Gone are the drab monosyllabic days
When \u2018agricultural labour\u2019 still was tilth;
And \u2018100% approbation,\u2019 praise;
And \u2018pornographic modernism,\u2019filth\u2014
Yet still I stand by tilth and filth and praise.
\u300c\u540d\u8bcd\u6210\u707e\u300d\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u91cc\uff0c\u707e\u60c5\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8be5\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u81f3\u4e0a\u300d(scientism)\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u65e9\u6210\u663e\u8d35\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u66f4\u662f\u9a84\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u53e3\u5934\u4e0e\u7b14\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u65e0\u610f\uff0c\u603b\u7231\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u300c\u5b66\u672f\u5316\u300d\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u597d\u663e\u5f97\u5ba2\u89c2\u800c\u7cbe\u786e\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u300c\u4f2a\u672f\u8bed\u300d(pseudo-jargon)\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u660e\u660e\u662f first step\uff0c\u5374\u8981\u8bf4\u6210 initial phase\uff1a\u660e\u660e\u662fletter\uff0c\u5374\u8981\u8bf4\u6210 communication\uff0c\u90fd\u5c5e\u6b64\u7c7b\u3002<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n\u8bb0\u5f97\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8bfb\u8fc7\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u770b\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u8111\u5b50\u5462\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8bed\u6587\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u597d\u597d\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4e0a\u6708\u67d0\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u60ca\u89c9\u201c\u8fdb\u884c\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5df2\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u88ab\u6ee5\u7528\u3002\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u4fbf\u5f02\u5e38\u523a\u773c\uff0c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u582a\u6bd4\u201c\u4eb2\u773c\u76ee\u7779\u201d\u3001\u201c … \u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u505c\u4e00\u4e0b<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.whiteverse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1383"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.whiteverse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.whiteverse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.whiteverse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.whiteverse.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1383"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/wp.whiteverse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1383\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1396,"href":"https:\/\/wp.whiteverse.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1383\/revisions\/1396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.whiteverse.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1383"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.whiteverse.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1383"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.whiteverse.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1383"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}